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關於國父國父生平1923~1940
關於國父
About Dr. Sun Yat-sen
國父生平1923~1940
謀求和平統一 功績永垂史冊

西元 1923 年
民國 12 年
1923
一月一日
Jan. 1
中國國民黨發表改進宣言,宣布時局主張及民族、 民權、民生之政策。
The KMT announced its reform programs and policies in line with the Three Principles of the People.
一月二日
Jan. 2
在上海召開中國國民黨改進大會。
Sun convened a convention in Shanghai to address KMT reforms.
一月
January
討賊軍陸續克復肇慶、三水、廣州;陳炯明逃惠州。
Sun defeated Chen Jiong-ming’s troops. Chen fled to Huizhou in Guangdong.
一月廿六日
Jan. 26
與蘇俄代表越飛發表聯合聲明,認為共產組織及蘇維埃制度均不能引用於中國,因為中國並無可使此項共產制度或蘇維埃制度可以成功之情況。
Sun and Adolf Joffe issued a joint statement, indicating the Soviet system not applicable in China because China does not own the conditions to promise its success.
一月廿六日
Jan. 26
發布《和平統一宣言》,要求直、奉、皖、西南四派暫時劃疆自守,互不侵犯。
Sun issued The Declaration on Peaceful Uni cation and demanded the four major warlords not to offend each other.
一月廿九日
Jan. 29
著《中國革命史》。
Sun published The Chinese Revolutionary History.
二月廿一日
Feb. 21
抵廣州設立大本營,續行大元帥職;廿四日發表實行裁兵通電。
Sun arrived in Guangzhou to establish the general headquarters and resumed as the generalissimo. 3 days later, he called for disarmament.
三月二日
Mar. 2
大本營正式成立,十七日任命蔣介石為大本營參謀長。
The general headquarters was officially established and Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as the Chief of General Staff.
五月九日
May 9
陳炯明據東江復叛;月底先生偕蔣介石親臨敵前,破其部於廣州。
Sun and Chiang Kai-shek led the revolutionary forces to quell the revolt headed by Chen Jiong-ming in Dongjiang, Guangdong.
六月十三日
Jun. 13
北京政變,黎元洪被逐,十五日先生致函國會議員,勸告力持正義。
A coup d’etat took place in Beijing and President Li Yuanhong was ousted. Two days later, Sun telegraphed Parliament members in Beijing to ensure justice is maintained.
八月十六日
Aug. 16
蔣介石奉命赴俄考察。
Chiang Kai-shek was instructed by Sun to visit the Soviet Union.
八月廿五日
Aug. 25
陳炯明部得北洋軍閥接濟,全力來犯,先生親睹諸軍迎擊。
Chen Jiong-ming, with the support of northern warlords, launched another whole-scale attack. Sun commanded the battle at the frontline.
十月六日
Oct. 6
蘇俄代表鮑羅廷 (Borodin) 至廣州;廿五日聘其為中國國民黨組織教練員。
Michael Borodin, Representative of the Soviet Union, arrived in Guangzhou and was appointed as the advisor on party organizing by KMT.
十月九日
Oct. 9
以曹錕賄選,下令予以討伐。
Sun ordered his army to dispel Cao Kun, who won the presidential election through bribery.
十一月
November
陳炯明陷石龍,廣州危急;十九日擊潰陳逆叛軍。
Chen Jiong-ming’s troops seized Shilong and Guangzhou was in danger, but they were defeated on Nov. 19.
十一月
November
發表《中國國民黨改組宣言》。
Sun published The Declaration on KMT Reform.
十一月廿六日
Nov. 26
中國國民黨決定設立「國民軍軍官學校」。
The KMT decided to establish a military academy.
十二月
December
發表《關於粵海關關稅問題宣言》,抗議美、英干涉中國內政。
Sun issued a declaration on the Guangdong Customs and protesting against the intervention of US and Britain in China’s internal affairs.
西元 1924 年
民國 13 年
1924
一月廿日
Jan. 20
在廣州召開中國國民黨第一次全國代表大會。
Sun convened the First National Congress of the KMT in Guangzhou.
一月廿七日 ~ 八月廿四日
Jan. 27 ~ Aug. 24
抱病於廣東高等師範學校(今廣州中山大學校址)演講三民主義,共講民族與民權主義各六講、民生主義四講,未竟。旋即北上謀求全國和平統一。
Under the condition of illness, Sun lectured on the Three Principles of the People (6 lectures on Nationalism, 6 lectures on People’s Rights, and 4 lectures on People’s Livelihood) at the Guangzhou Secondary Normal School (today’s Sun Yat-sen University). To seek peaceful unification, he travelled north for the peace talk and was unable to finished the lectures on People’s Livelihood.
四月十二日
Apr. 12
公布《國民政府建國大綱》。
Sun published The Fundamentals of National Reconstruction.
六月十六日
Jun. 16
黃埔軍官學校正式舉行開學典禮。
The opening ceremony of the Huangpu Military Academy was held.
六月
June
中國國民黨中央監察委員鄧澤如、吳敬恒等提出彈劾共產黨。
Deng Ze-ru, Wu Jing-heng and others on the KMT advisory board proposed to impeach Communist members within the KMT.
七月七日
Jul. 7
中國國民黨發表黨務宣言,重申容共原則悉以三民主義為唯一之途徑。
The KMT reaffirmed accepting the People’s Three Principles is the precondition under which the Communists would be accommodated.
八月二日
Aug. 2
令設立中央銀行。
Sun demanded the establishment of Central Bank in Guangzhou.
八月
August
「廣州商團」事件歷時二月餘,蔣介石率學生軍於十月敉平。
After more than 2 months, the Guangzhou Trading Society incident completely subdued in October by the Huangpu Military Academy student army led by Chiang Kai-shek.
九月
September
親赴韶關督師北伐,並發表《北伐宣言》。
Sun went to Shaoguan to command the Northern Expedition and published The Northern Expedition Declaration.
十月廿三日
Oct. 23
馮玉祥等發動北京政變,迫曹錕下野。
Feng Yu-Xiang staged a coup d’etat and forced Cao Kun to step down.
十一月十三日
Nov. 13
應馮玉祥等之邀北上,共商和平統一大計;行前並發表《北上宣言》,提出召開國民會議及廢除不平等條約之主張。
At the invitation of General Feng Yu-xiang, Sun visited Beijing to discuss the strategy for peaceful unification. Before his journey, Sun issued a declaration calling for the convening of National Conference and the abolishment of all unequal treaties.
十一月廿一日
Nov. 21
由上海取道日本赴天津,廿八日在日本神戶演講《大亞洲主義》。
Sun departed from Shanghai to Tianjin, via Japan. While making a stop in Kobe, on Nov. 28, Sun delivered a speech on Pan-Asianism.
十二月四日
Dec. 4
抵天津,受到盛大歡迎。因勞累並受風寒,身體感覺不適。
Sun, warmly welcomed in Tianjin, turned ill due to cold and exhaustion.
十二月卅一日
Dec. 31
扶病至北京,發表《入京宣言》,及對歡迎民眾之書面談話。
Sun arrived in Beijing with ailment. He issued The Declaration on Entering Beijing.
西元 1925 年
民國 14 年
1925
一月
January
堅持速開國民會議以解決國事;段祺瑞卻主張召開善後會議,先生遂提出「兼納人民團體代表」及「最後決定之權還諸國民會議」兩條件。
Sun demanded the immediate convening of National Conference to which Duan Qi-rui responded with a settlement meeting. Sun agreed with 2 conditions — inclusion of civil organization representatives and National Conference having the right to make ultimate decisions.
一月廿六日
Jan. 26
入北京協和醫院接受手術治療。
Sun received medical operation at the Peking Union Medical Hospital.
二月一日
Feb. 1
陳炯明叛軍乘先生北上臥病,西犯廣州,革命政府於本日東征。
Chen Jiong-ming attacked Guangzhou again, and the revolutionary forces launched the Eastern Expedition to fight back.
二月十八日
Feb. 18
自協和醫院移居鐵獅子頭胡同行轅。
Sun moved from the hospital to Tieshizitou Alley in Beijing.
三月七日
Mar. 7
東征軍攻克潮州、汕頭。
The revolutionary forces won the battles in eastern Guangdong.
三月十一日
Mar. 11
簽字於國事遺囑及家事遺囑。
Sun signed his wills for both the state and his family.
三月十二日
Mar. 12
九時卅分逝世。
Sun passed away at 9:30 a.m.
三月十五日
Mar. 15
大殮。
Sun’s remains were put into the coffin.
三月十九日
Mar. 19
移靈於北京中央公園社稷壇,供各界瞻仰致敬。
Sun’s remains were moved to the Central Park (today’s Zhongshan Park) in Beijing for the public to pay tribute.
四月二日
Apr. 2
奉厝於北京西山碧雲寺。
Sun’s remains were moved to Biyun Temple in the Fragrance Hills in the west suburbs of Beijing.
四月十六日
Apr. 16
廣東省政府將香山縣改名為中山縣;永豐艦改名為中山艦,以資紀念。
To honor Sun, the Guangdong government renamed Sun Yat-sen’s hometown Xiangshan County as Zhongshan County and the Yong Feng Warship as Zhong Shan Warship.
五月十六日
May 16
中國國民黨一屆三中全會決議接受先生遺囑。
The Third Plenary Session of the First Central Committee of the KMT formally adopted Sun’s will.
西元 1929 年
民國 18 年
1929
六月一日
Jun. 1
安葬於南京紫金山中山陵。
Sun’s remains were buried on the Zijin Hill in Nanjing.
西元 1940 年
民國 29 年
1940
四月一日
Apr. 1
國民政府明令尊稱為「中華民國國父」。
The Republic Government promulgated Sun as the “Founding Father of the Republic of China.”
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